OPTIMAL PLANT SPACING EFFECTS ON PHENOLOGY AND GROWTH METRICS OF CORN (Zea mays L.)

Aryan S. A.  Dizayee

doi:10.59807/jlsar.v4i2.87

Authors

Aryan S. A. Dizayee University of Salahaddin - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Iraq
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1755-7513

https://doi.org/10.59807/jlsar.v4i2.87

Keywords:

Corn, Plant Growth Metrics, Inter and Intra-Row Spacing’s

Abstract

This experiment aimed to investigate the influence of different inter and intra-row spacing on phenology and plant growth metrics of corn (Zea mays L.). The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Qushtapa zones of northern Iraq in the main cropping season of 2020-2021. Three different inter and intra-row spacing treatments (45, 60 and 75 cm) and (10 and 15 cm) respectively, were applied in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, the total plots were six, each plot on the field was measured 2m width by 3m length (6 m²). The study assessed various plant growth parameters. The results found that inter-row spacing significantly influenced plant height and leaf area index (LAI) at inter-row spacing (45cm). In contrast, leaf area (LA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) significantly had the higher mean value at (75cm) inter-row spacing. Additionally, interaction treatments of inter-row spacing×intra-row spacing recorded highest mean values of plant height at treatment (inter 45cm × intra 15cm), while leaf area (LA) was higher mean value at interaction treatments of (inter 75cm × intra 15cm). As for leaf area index (LAI) this trait showed higher mean value at treatment interaction of (inter 45cm × intra 10cm), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf area duration (LAD) postulate higher mean at interaction (inter 75cm × intra 10cm) and (inter 60cm × intra 15cm) respectively. This study explores key growth indicators to comprehensively analyze the growth and productivity of corn plants, shedding light on their canopy development dynamics and overall performance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

L. G. Ranilla, “The application of metabolomics for the study of cereal corn (Zea mays L.),” Metabolites, vol. 10, no. 8. 2020. doi: 10.3390/metabo10080300.

A. Asghar, A. Ali, W. H. Syed, M. Asif, T. Khaliq, and A. A. Abid, “GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE ( Zea mays L .) CULTIVARS AFFECTED BY NPK APPLICATION IN DIFFERENT PROPORTION,” Science (1979), vol. 62, no. 4, 2010.

S. A. Valadabadi and H. A. Farahani, “Effects of planting density and pattern on physiological growth indices in maize (Zea mays L.) under nitrogenous fertilizer application,” Journal of Ag-ricultural Extension and Rural Development, vol. 2, no. 3, 2010.

S. Hokmalipour and M. H. Darbandi, “Physiological growth indices in corn (Zea mays L.) cul-tivars as affected by nitrogen fertilizer levels,” World Appl Sci J, vol. 16, no. 6, 2012.

A. Efthimiadou, D. Bilalis, A. Karkanis, B. Froud-Williams, and I. Eleftherochorinos, “Effects of cultural system (Organic and Conventional) on growth, photosynthesis and yield components of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) under semi-arid environment,” Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj Napoca, vol. 37, no. 2, 2009.

Y. L. Gobeze, G. M. Ceronio, and L. D. Resnsburg, “Effect of row spacing and plant density on yield and yield component of maize (Zea mays L.) under irrigation,” Journal of Agricultural …, vol. 2, 2012.

A. A. Kandil, A. E. Sharief, and A. M. A. Abozied, “Maize Hybrids Yield as Affected by Inter and Intra Row Spacing,” International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, vol. 2, no. 2, 2017, doi: 10.22161/ijeab/2.2.11.

M. B. Kebede, “Effect of Inter and Intra Row Spacing on Growth, Yield Components and Yield of Hybrid Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Varieties at Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia,” Am J Plant Sci, vol. 10, no. 09, 2019, doi: 10.4236/ajps.2019.109110.

H. Gozubenli, . M. K., . O. S., and . O. K., “Effects of Single and Twin Row Planting on Yield and Yield Components in Maize,” Asian J Plant Sci, vol. 3, no. 2, 2004, doi: 10.3923/ajps.2004.203.206.

M. Lashkari, H. Madani, M. R. Ardakani, F. Golzardi, and K. Zargari, “Effect of plant density on yield and yield components of different corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids,” American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci, vol. 10, no. 3, 2011.

G. Testa, A. Reyneri, and M. Blandino, “Maize grain yield enhancement through high plant density cultivation with different inter-row and intra-row spacings,” European Journal of Agronomy, vol. 72, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.006.

R. S. Sharifi, M. Sedghi, and A. Gholipouri, . “Effect of population density on yield and yield attributes of maize hybrids,” Research Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 4, no. 4. 2009.

G. A. Maddonni, M. E. Otegui, and A. G. Cirilo, “Plant population density, row spacing and hybrid effects on maize canopy architecture and light attenuation,” Field Crops Res, vol. 71, no. 3, 2001, doi: 10.1016/S0378-4290(01)00158-7.

P. J. Radford, “ Growth Analysis Formulae ‐ Their Use and Abuse 1 ,” Crop Sci, vol. 7, no. 3, 1967, doi: 10.2135/cropsci1967.0011183x000700030001x.

J. F. Power, W. O. Willis, D. L. Grunes, and G. A. Reichman, “ Effect of Soil Temperature, Phosphorus, and Plant Age on Growth Analysis of Barley 1 ,” Agron J, vol. 59, no. 3, 1967, doi: 10.2134/agronj1967.00021962005900030007x.

D. F. Ferreira, “Sisvar: a computer statistical analysis system,” Ciência e Agrotecnologia, vol. 35, no. 6, 2011, doi: 10.1590/s1413-70542011000600001.

D. B. Duncan, “t Tests and Intervals for Comparisons Suggested by the Data,” Biometrics, vol. 31, no. 2, 1975, doi: 10.2307/2529425.

K. B. and T. Tana. Lakew Getaneh, “Growth and Productivity of Maize ( Zea mays L .) as In-fluenced by Inter- and Intra-Row Spacing in Kombolcha , Eastern Ethiopia,” J Biol Agric Healthc, vol. 6, no. 13, 2016.

M. M. Maqbool, A. Tanveer, Z. Ata, and R. Ahmad, “Growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by row spacing and weed competition durations,” Pak J Bot, vol. 38, no. 4, 2006.

M. Ahmad, R. Ahmad, A. U. Malik, S. Hussain, and M. Ishaque, “Agro-physiological traits of three maize hybrids as influenced by varying plant density,” J Anim Plant Sci, vol. 20, no. 1, 2010.

H. Zhou, G. Zhou, Q. He, L. Zhou, Y. Ji, and M. Zhou, “Environmental explanation of maize specific leaf area under varying water stress regimes,” Environ Exp Bot, vol. 171, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103932.

Y. Li et al., “Quantifying contributions of leaf area and longevity to leaf area duration under increased planting density and nitrogen input regimens during maize yield improvement,” Field Crops Res, vol. 283, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108551.